Fig. 5

A proposed cellular axis of forebrain sexual differentiation. (A) UMAP plot highlighting high-confidence sexually dimorphic populations of interest that were identified by multiple lines of analysis. Color-coding scheme applies to all panels (including the color of illustrated cells in C). (B) Summary of cell type-specific sex differences in gene expression (top row), relative proportions (second row), IEG expression (third row), and predicted intercellular communication (bottom row). SD stands for sexually differentiated. Asterisks indicate populations that were identified as significant for each analysis, and N/A indicates populations that were not analyzed in particular analyses. (C) A hypothesized model of forebrain sexual differentiation during adult sex change in the anemonefish presented on a drawing of a coronal section of the telencephalon. The left hemisphere in this image represents the state of the male forebrain, and the right hemisphere represents the state of the female. Cell populations are drawn in hypothesized neuroanatomical locations based in part on cross-species analyses with a previously published cichlid snRNA-seq and spatial transcriptomics telencephalic atlas